Jazz has some of its roots stretching back into the late 1800s and the very early 1900s with people like Buddy Bolden, commonly known as King Bolden as well as King Oliver, Bunk Johnson, Freddie Keppard and others of that time. While we cannot dismiss their contributions to Jazz, what we have come to know as Jazz today evolved from a few main people and those associated with those few.
Truly, the one person that is most responsible for the feel of Jazz, the rhythms and complexities of Jazz, narrows down to just one man and that man is Louis Armstrong. Louis' acquaintance with New Orleans music was merely as a kid on the streets of his home town and singing with kids his age, until an interesting set of circumstances put him in a home for wayward boys and gave this young man of 11 or 12 a chance to learn something that previously was unavailable to him.
Louis spent several years in and out of The Colored Waif's Home for Boys and it was there under the tutelage of Peter Davis that Louis really learned music. He didn't actually start right away learning to play a horn, but rather he learned to keep time on drums. It was after he had a good sense of rhythm that Louis was encouraged to pick up a horn and he was a natural. The huge contribution that Louis made covered all aspects of Jazz.
Louis' phrasing can be heard on both his horn and also in his singing and believe it or not, you can listen to Billie Holiday and hear Louis's phrasing. She learned her style from him and if you in turn listen to Frank Sinatra, he took his phrasing from Billie. Their voices don't sound anything alike, but their phrasing is so similar. In addition to Louis' phrasing there was his power, there was his ability to hit really high notes and sustain them, there was his blistering fast notes and rhythms and there was also Louis as the consummate entertainer.
Louis Armstrong's contribution far outshines anyone that came after him; but that is not to say that there wasn't anyone that didn't make enormous inroads and mold jazz music. One fabulous musician that shaped music with both his profound volume of work, his beautiful melodic songs and his gift to showcase his many brilliant band members was Edward Kennedy Ellington, known to us today as Duke Ellington.
Duke was a gifted pianist and when he came to New York, he thought he was going to be the greatest pianist that town ever saw, but meeting up with the likes of James P. Johnson, Willie the Lion Smith, Lucky Robertson, and Fats Waller put that idea out of his head soon enough. Ellington was a visionary and wrote music with a theme in mind. His music transcended the music of the day and opened up such beautiful melodies and composition, his imagination seemed to have no bounds and over his 50 year career, Duke's volume of work amounted to over 1,000 compositions. Often overlooked by others, because he did not compose, was Art Tatum. His piano playing was so amazing that there may never be another like him. Art was nearly blind, but had such an amazing ear that he could pick out tunes by the age of 3. For anyone that ever heard him play, no matter what their stature in the jazz world, Art's harmonies lived within each person that really listened. Even Charlie Parker washed dishes at a night club, just so that he could be there and hear Art night after night.
Charlie Parker would have to be one of the top names on any list in Jazz history. The music now known as bebop derived from just a few musicians that shared the same love of intricate harmonies and blistering speeds. Charlie was the hub of the wheel that included others such as Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonius Monk, Bud Powell and a few others developed this music and made it their own. People like Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young and Jack Teagarden were predecessors to this music and were inspiration to Charlie, but it was Parker and his crew that changed the direction of Jazz music.
Out of the hub of bebop music came someone that decided he wanted to leave the pace of the fast and furious and turn music into something else, something passionate, but so different than bebop; the man stepping out of the shadows of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie was Miles Davis. Miles is the man that is most responsible for what's been termed "the birth of the cool". With Miles clever placement of notes, this virtuoso led music to a softer side, and an aloof side. Miles worked with other extremely talented musicians such as Gil Evans and Gary Mulligan, but it was Miles that gets the most credit for the changes that made in Cool Jazz.
Yes, there are so many people that influenced jazz music, but today I wanted to focus on the individuals whose contribution should never go unnoticed and anyone who is learning jazz should give homage to.
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top names on any list in Jazz history